Populist Filipino president Rodrigo Duterte, almost at the twilight of his regime as he exits his presidency on June 2022, espoused a blurry ‘independent foreign policy’ as the chief architect of the Southeast Asian state.

For the past decade the world faced a series of crises more or less dramatic, which had in common their unpredictability, shocking occurrence, and lack of ability or interest in being foreseen and anticipated as far as prevention was concerned.

Politically speaking, the rhetoric of populism triumphs, in a world where the threat is global, is indicative of the rise of political populist movements. Such narrative existed and will continue to exist independent from the nature and size of threat.

The Australian Government has a long history of capacity building initiatives across the Indo-Pacific region with the objective to sustain the sovereignty, stability, security and prosperity of the region. The initiatives are delivered through aid programs, defence cooperation programs, medical and health projects, academic and professional exchange programs etc.

The self-determination process in Western Sahara accumulates a series of cases that result in a successive violation of collective and individual rights, which has been repeated for years.
Trump's American position in favour of the Moroccan thesis over Western Sahara, and that of his successor Joe Biden who takes the middle baton are counterproductive and draws a new American policy in the Maghreb.

US-Turkey relations have a history of challenges in general but with the ascent of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in 2002 the challenges reached their peak with the failed coup of 15 July 2016 that Erdoğan squarely blamed on the US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen.

Faced with new challenge represented by the need to manage the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the growing pressure of the Eurosceptic populist movements, the European Union was forced to provide both an immediate response, which could reflect the ability of the Member States to act according to the principle of solidarity and a medium term solution as part of the Multiannual Financial Framework for the years 2021 to 2027, a solution reflecting the vision of the 27 member states on the future of the European construct.

The present synthesis highlights a number of new features of the international relations system and reveals restrictive measures taken by both developed and developing/emerging countries in the field of foreign direct investment , before the COVID-19 pandemic and also under its influence.

I believe that the knowledge of the past facilitates the understanding of the present and helps anticipate the future.
There are decisive moments in the evolution of nations, which mark their destiny and remain a landmark for generations to come.

By the end of 2020, a strange information appeared in Bosnian and German media: having made unilateral concessions to the long campaign of Russia to put an end to the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Germany now wants to overthrow the current High Representative, Valentin Inzko, and bring the OHR under control of its own man, Christian Schmidt.